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                                         Moral Story One there was a crow. He felt  very thirsty on a hot summer day. He flew here and there in search of water, but could not find it any where. the Burning rays of the sun had dried every pool and pond. His throat was parched with heat and knew that he would die if could not find water for some more time. He was not disappointed and continued his search. At last his effort bore fruit and he caught sight of a pitcher in a garden. He flew up to is and peeped inside; but he was sad to see that the pitcher was half full of water and his beak could not reach it. For sometime,he felt confused. Then all of a sudden, a very practical idea flashed across his mind. He again started flying in search of something to drop in the water of the pitcher to raise its level. in the nearby field he pound some pebbles on a mound. He took one pebble in his beak, flew back to the pitcher ans dropped in it. He continued his practice of throwing the pebbles

                                                Chap 7+8+9+10+11+12 Q1 How vital force theory was described By F. Wholer ? Q2 Differentiate between the vital force and vital force theory ? Q3 Define catenation ? Q4 Define the homologous series. Give Examples ? Q5 Define the organic compound with Examples ? Q6 Which organic compound was first of all prepared in the laboratory ? Q7 What is meant by Carbonization of coal ? Q8 What is petroleum ? Give its origin ? Q9 What are various types of coal ? Q10 Define the Faractional Distillation and give the composition of different faractions ? Q11 Define the cracking of petroleun with suitable Example. Q12 Octane number of Gasoline is improved by reforming. Explain ? Q13 Summarize the reforming with the help of suitable Example ? Q14 Explain thermal cracking . Write formulas of any two compounds obtained by this phenomenon ? Q15 What is meant knocking petroleum ? Q16 Define Octane number how it can improved. Q17 Discuss the th

                                                      Important Questions Q1 Give the general properties of transition elements. Ans: Because of a smaller electronic configuration m the d-block elements resemble one another in their physical and chemical properties. Some of the points of their resemblance are given below.       They are all metal in true sense. Some of which play important role in industry like Tr,Cr,Mn, Fe W etc.      They are hard and strong metals with high melting point and boiling point. They are good conductor of electricity and heat.      They forms alloy with one another and with other elements. They show variable oxidation state. Their ions ans compounds are colourd in solid state as well as in solution from at least in one if not all the oxidation state. Q2 What are chelates ? Give examples. Ans: When the polydetale ligand surrounds the central metal atom or ion cyclic coordination complex ion is produced called chelates .  Q3 What is

                                                   Moral Story Once an old farmer lived in a village. He struggled hard in life and made some fortune. He had three sons who were young and healthy. but there was one problem. His sons always quarreled among themselves. He advised them a lot but to no avail. He was always worried about them. This made him suffer from a very fatal disease and he took to his bed. His death was sure. His sons to came see him. An idea to get them united flashed across his mind. He asked his sons to bring some woods from the jungle. They obeyed and the sticks were brought.The old man ordered the eldest son tie them  into a bundle. Then he asked his sons try to try to break the bundle one by one. The sons accepted the challenge.The youngest came forwarded and tried to break the bundle but failed. The elder son also tried but failed  he could not break it. At last the elder applied his full force to break it;but he also failed.           At this he ordered t

                                                    Moral Story Once upon a time, a hare lived in a jungle. He was very proud of his fast speed and agility. A tortoise also lived there near by the pool. Both became very close friends. But some times the hare teased him and made fun of his slow speed. The tortoise bore all his this very patiently. One,day when the hare laughed him, he took it ill and challenged him to run a race. The hare felt it very strange and laughed very heartily. Anyway, he accepted the challenge. The top of a distant hill was fixed as destination. On the appointed day, both the parties reached at the starting point in the morning, and the race started. The hare, being sure of his easy victory, started bouncing and was soon out of sight. The tortoise also started creeping slowly. When the hare had covered half of the distance, he saw a shady tree, and decided to take some rest. Soon he fell asleep.         At noon, the tortoise reached that tree and found

                                 Important Questions   Q1 Why flourine act as a strong oxidizing agent ? Ans: The oxidizing power of halogen depends upon the dissocation energy electron effinity hydration energy of the atoms. Oxidizing power of flourine is higher because of its dissocation energy higher electron affinity and higher hydration energy. Due to these properties the hydration act as strong oxidizing agent. Q2 What are the disporportionation ractions ? Ans: A reaction in which same species udergo the oxidation the reduction process is called the disporpotionation reaction of self-oxidation reduction process. As chlorine reacts with NaOH  is cold state producing  NaCl  and NaClO. The oxidation state of Cl changes from zero to -1 and zero to +1 respectively therefore it is disporportination reaction.  2NaOH+Cl2--------> NaCl+NaClO+H2O Q3 Give important uses of helium and argon.? Ans:Helium is used in treatment of asthma, filling the weather balloons produci

                                   Important Question  Q1 Give the uses of  H2SO4 Ans:  It is used in manufacturing of fertilizers like (NH4)2SO4 Calcium superphosphate              In the refining of petroleum to remove nitrogen and Super compounds.                  In the manufacture of HCl HPO4 HNO3 and sulphate.               As dehydrating agent               In textile iron steel leather and paper industries Q2 Give reaction of PCl3 with Alcohol and carboxylic acid. Ans: PCl3+ 3CH3OH----------> 3CH3Cl+ H3PO3          PCl3+ 3CH3COOH----------> 3CH3COCl+H3PO3 Q3 Give two reactions for the preparation of phosphorus acid Ans: It prepared by dissolving phosphorus Trioxide  in cold water            P2O3+3H2O--------> 2H3PO3            Its obtained by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride PCl3+3H2O--------> H3PO3+ 3HCl Q4 Give the name of four elements that do not react with HNO3 Ans:  HNO3 do not react with Gold, Platinum iridium and titanium Q5 

                                      A Slave And a Lion   Once there was a slave. He was very hardworking and kindhearted; but his master was very cruel. He made him work day and night; but gave gave him very little to eat. Moreover, he abused and tortured him. They slave could not bear such a life. He started thinking of running away. One day he found a fit opportunity and slipped away, in the darkness of the night, to the nearby jungle. He found a lonely cave and went into it. As he was tired, he was soon asleep.                                                           A lion also find out its way to that cave. The slave got up and was frightened to see the big lion  so close to him. He was about to run away when he was caught sight of the swollen paw of the lion. The lion was moaning with pain. Actually, a thorn had run into its paw. The slave was a kind fellow. He made up his mind to help the lion and took the risk. He went near the lion and took out the thorn from its paw. Th

                                      An Honest Woodcutter Once is woodcutter lived in a village. Though he was poor, yet he was very happy and contented. He believed in earning his livelihood trough honest means. He used to cut wood from the nearby jungle and sell the same in the town. One day he was cutting the branches of tree at the bank of a river. Suddenly, his axe slipped from his hands fell in to the river and was lost. It was his only tool livelihood. He felt very sad. His eyes full of tears. An angel in the shape of man appeared and asked what had happened. He told his sad story. The angel took pity on him  and dived in to the river and brought out a shining axe made of a pure gold. He refused to accept it saying that it was not his. The angel again went down in to the water and took out an axe made of silver. He again refused to take it and told the angel his axe made of silver. The angel dived in to the water third time and came out with an iron axe in his hand. When the

                                              Introduction Smae For All Stories                                            Introduction Since the very advent of civilization morality occupies  supreme worth. The  reason is that it lays the foundation for good human culture. All religions propagates morality. All seen sages and scholars have taught morality in their serinons. Moral stories teach us lessons.                    

                                     Important Questions  Q1 Borate glazes are preferred over the silicate glazes. Ans: The borate glazes are preferred over the silicate glazes because the borate glasses are more fusible and possess higher cofficient of enpansion than the borate glass. Q2 What is vitreous sillica ?  Give two uses. Ans: When the crystline sillica is heated at suffciently high temrature it melts to give the visous liquid having randon sutructure which on cooling does not readily crystllize and become rigid without having undergone the orientation into regular crystal pattern is is called viterous sillica. Q3 Four uses of  Sodium Sillicate. Ans:  It is used as filler for soap in soap industry          It is use in textile as fire proof          It is used as furniture polish          It is used in colico printing   Q4 Give reaction of Al with nitric acid. Ans:  Aluminium does not react with any concentration of NHO3, probably beacause of formation of

                                                                  Important Questions Q1 : Why the alkali metals show +1 oxidation state ? Ans : Since only one electron present in the valance shell of alkali metals hence they show +1 oxidation state. Due to very high second ionization energies they cannot show +2 oxidation states. Q2 : What are the most abundant elements among the alkali metals in earth's crust ? Ans : Na and K are most abundant elements of alkali metals found in earth crust they each consitutes about 2.4% of the earth crust. Q3 : Why the members of IA & IIA are called the alkali and alkaline earth metals ? Ans : The name alkali drived from Arabic term means ashes. Actually the metals of 1-A group like Na K are present in the ash of plants. They produce strong alkaline solution in water that why they are called the alkali metals.                 The numbers of  II-A group are called akaline earth metals beacause their aqueous solution are strongl

Impotant Questions Q1 :  Lanthanide cotraction controls the atomic size of the elements of the 6th and the 7th period ?     Ans : Lanthanides are presend in the 6th period and anitinides are the members of 7th periods. In case of Lanthanides and anticides the valance electrons are entering in  the 4f & 5f orbitals repectively where they experiences more nuclear pull due to increased affective nuclear charge which causes decrease in atomic size (lanthanide contrqction). That is why the atomic sizes of lanthanides and actinides and antinides are effected by the lanthanide contraction. Q2 : Explain why 'D' and 'F' blocks are called transition elements ? Ans : d-block and f-bock elements are present in between the s & p block elements in thr modern periodic Table. their properties are in between the s & p-block elements varying from left to right. It means that their properties show a sysmatic transtional phase from metallic non metallic behaviour therefo

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